Not different technologies but different frequency spectrums. Lower freq bands like 600 mhz cover a large area but bandwidth is lower compared to higher frequencies like 2.5 gigahertz. Also, at 600/700/700 mhz bands the speeds you'll see are similar to 4G LTE. The lower bands are used for broad rural coverage.
The higher 2.5 ghz signal covers a smaller footprint but allows a lot more bandwidth which translates to higher speeds both upload and download.
Even higher frequencies (millimeter wave) , have basically a city block (or less) coverage but can allow super fast speeds in excess of 1 gigabit, comparable to fiber. This is used in dense metro areas and stadiums because the range is very limited but the performance is incredible.